Osservazioni su Amoris Laetitia e sui dubia espressi dai 4 cardinali

Leggendo l’ottavo capitolo dell’esortazione post-sinodale Amoris Laetitia (AL), a proposito dei casi dei divorziati che vivono una nuova unione il lettore s’imbatte nella seguente affermazione:

“La Chiesa riconosce situazioni in cui «l’uomo e la donna, per seri motivi – quali, ad esempio, l’educazione dei figli – non possono soddisfare l’obbligo della separazione»” (AL 298).

Al termine della frase è posta una nota, la numero 329. A cosa servano le annotazioni

al termine di un documento lo spiega il dizionario Treccani della lingua italiana: “fare un’osservazione, dare una notizia, chiarire o illustrare o commentare un passo o una parola”. Con questo fine esplicativo delle note bene in testa, il lettore allora va alla nota 329 dove per prima cosa trova citato il n. 84 dell’esortazione apostolica Familiaris consortio di San Giovanni Paolo II del 1982. In quel documento il Papa polacco definisce la nuova unione dopo un divorzio “un male” (una piaga, nella traduzione italiana). Di seguito Giovanni Paolo II vietava tassativamente la possibilità di ammettere all’Eucaristia i divorziati risposati “dal momento che il loro stato e la loro condizione di vita contraddicono oggettivamente a quell’unione di amore tra Cristo e la Chiesa, significata e attuata dall’Eucaristia”.

Si tratta, mi pare, di un passaggio fondamentale; Cristo è fedele, Cristo non tradisce la Chiesa, la Sua Sposa, se il Matrimonio cristiano è “segno efficace, sacramento dell’Alleanza di Cristo e della Chiesa” (CCC 1617), allora è evidente che l’uomo e la donna non possono tradirsi l’un l’altra se non accettando di violare quel segno efficace attuato dal matrimonio e dunque compiere un male. Per questo motivo, una volta commesso il peccato di adulterio, il Papa Santo, per potere adire al sacramento della penitenza [dove per l’assoluzione del peccato è richiesto il pentimento sincero, il fermo proposito a non commetterlo nuovamente e persino a rifuggire le occasioni che possono favorire una nuova caduta] e ricevere poi l’Eucaristia, nel medesimo paragrafo citato dalla nota 329 di AL prescriveva ai coniugi separati o divorziati in una nuova unione di assumere l’impegno a “vivere in piena continenza, cioè di astenersi dagli atti propri dei coniugi” essendo che nessuno dei due è coniuge dell’altro.

Proseguendo la lettura della nota 329 di Amoris laetitia, il lettore trova poi scritta la seguente frase: “In queste situazioni, molti, conoscendo e accettando la possibilità di convivere “come fratello e sorella” che la Chiesa offre loro, rilevano che, se mancano alcune espressioni di intimità, «non è raro che la fedeltà sia messa in pericolo e possa venir compromesso il bene dei figli»“.

Qui è difficile non provare un senso di confusione, se non addirittura di smarrimento: l’argomento addotto contiene in sé un’evidente antinomia laddove si evoca un’esignza di fedeltà posta però all’interno di una relazione caratterizzata dall’infedeltà sin dall’inizio. Unirsi al “nuovo coniuge”, cioè un atto di adulterio, sarebbe riconosciuto sì come un male, ma costituirebbe una sorta di male necessario per il bene dei figli. Si potrebbe celiare interrogandosi sulla verosimiglianza dell’esistenza di chi si accinge a compiere un coito per dovere e quasi con intima mestizia, ma la natura della materia è oltremodo seria e dunque è necessario individuare quello che è il punto centrale dove s’inserisce l’errore della proposizione. Avere un atto sessuale con la “nuova moglie” o il “nuovo marito” sposati civilmente dopo il divorzio confligge con un cardine della dottrina morale cattolica: “non è lecito compiere un male perché ne derivi un bene” (CCC 1756).

Vi sono infatti atti che semper et pro semper (sempre e per sempre) sono un male, che sono intrinsece mala (intrinsecamente mali) e tra questi, insegna lo stesso articolo del catechismo, è annoverato in modo specifico l’adulterio. Chi compie un atto di questo tipo compie un’azione malvagia a prescindere dalle circostanze e dalle intenzioni soggettive che non possono mai rendere l’azione un bene. È dottrina cattolica che “l’atto moralmente buono suppone, ad un tempo, la bontà dell’oggetto, del fine e delle circostanze” (CCC 1755). Affermare che circostanze particolari o intenzioni benevole possano giustificare determinati comportamenti oggettivamente malvagi significa rinnegare il cuore dell’insegnamento dell’enciclica Veritatis splendor. Nella nota di AL l’obiezione all’obbligo di castità è invero riportata soltanto come possibile argomentazione senza che l’autore la faccia propria in modo esplicito, tuttavia non si può soprassedere sul fatto che è l’autore stesso che allega all’affermazione il riferimento a un documento sicuramente magisteriale, il n. 51 della costituzione conciliare Gaudium et spes, lasciando intendere che colui che afferma che per il bene della prole si possono avere “espressioni di intimità” con una persona diversa da quella con cui ci si è uniti in matrimonio sacramentalmente [ed allo stato attuale il «favor indissolubilitatis» prescritto da San Giovanni Paolo II non risulta essere stato abolito], possa contare sul sostegno dell’insegnamento della Chiesa.

Vi è però il piccolo particolare che i padri conciliari in quel documento parlavano degli atti di intimità all’interno del matrimonio canonicamente valido. Ora, a dire il vero, nonostante che il testo affermi che si tratti di una tesi diffusa (“molti rilevano che”) non conosco alcuna fonte che prima di AL abbia sostenuto la legittimità di atti sessuali in una nuova unione dopo il divorzio assimilandoli agli atti coniugali. Anche se questa prospettiva non è esplicitamente accolta in AL, risulta incomprensibile come una tesi con tale evidenza di fallacia teologica possa essere stata presa non solo in considerazione, ma addirittura come sia possibile che in nessun punto di AL sia rinvenibile un esplicito e chiaro rifiuto di una teoria erronea che si vorrebbe abbia ampia diffusione. Risulta quindi comprensibile e lodevole che a fronte di questo “vuoto” nel testo di AL interpretabile e di fatto interpretato come un cambio di dottrina, con linguaggio appropriato sia stato posto da alcuni cardinali una richiesta di chiarificazione che, riguardo a ciò che abbiamo esposto, si identifica nel secondo e quarto dubbio. Il papa, in quanto pastore universale della Chiesa a cui è stato comandato di confermare i fratelli nella fede ha il dovere di fornire la risposta, perché essere confermato da Pietro nella fede è necessario alla salvezza dell’anima ed è diritto non solo dei quattro cardinali, ma di ogni battezzato.

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    Securities traded on the markets are divided into three categories in keeping with the number
    and quantity of day by day transactions. Thus the fashionable securities market arose out of this
    system of inventory alternate. Shortly a secondary market arose in the East India House for resale of this stock via the official bookkeeper.
    Thus, speculative buying and selling instantly ensued and the Amsterdam securities market was born.

  404. In transitional types, essentially the most modern fixtures may
    keep company with tiles that were fashionable in the days of the Caesars,
    and model-new designs inspired by ecology meet up with those inspired by nature a hundred years ago.
    This is especially related during winter and autumn where the
    number of days with heavy rainfall is expected to double.
    Thus, there must be both prolonged autumn and earlier spring to promote longer
    growing seasons, while taking the risk of frost into account.
    As winters change into shorter, snowfall in autumn and spring will
    reduce. As climate change progresses, the winters in Sámi have change into less and fewer predictable.
    Mild winters will reduce the resistance of trees and their frost tolerance.
    It is also attainable that insects will be capable of reproduce yet another
    era per summer time on account of greater temperatures,
    in order that as an illustration the European spruce bark beetle might damage spruce timber with an additional invasion per summer
    time. Greater temperatures combined with new varieties of plants tailored to the milder
    climate might yield larger harvests and presumably making two harvests doable
    per 12 months. There are two sorts of title techniques used worldwide: Land registration and land recording.

  405. Storm surge in Collier County principally impacted Chokoloskee, Everglades Metropolis, and Plantation Island.
    Collier County measured the best storm surge on the mainland, reaching 4 to eight ft
    (1.2 to 2.Four m). Storm surge heights within the Florida Keys typically ranged from 4 to 8 ft (1.2 to 2.Four m) and peaked
    at almost 9 ft (2.7 m) in Marathon. This resulted in widespread
    hurricane-power sustained winds and gusts, with Class 2 situations probably
    occurring in southeastern Florida from Palm Beach County to northern Miami-Dade County.

    Hurricane-force wind gusts in Glades County left approximately 3,000 folks without electricity.
    Hurricane-power wind gusts prolonged northward into Lee County.
    Bonita Springs experienced the worst affect in Lee County,
    with 972 homes reporting minor to major damage.
    Quite a few homes and businesses experienced some extent of influence, with
    over 55,000 dwellings and 3,600 workplaces damaged in Palm Seaside
    County alone. In Cape Coral, Wilma impacted 511 residences; 490
    dwellings suffered minor damage, 20 others skilled intensive damage, and 1 cellular house
    was destroyed. Wilma also spawned 12 tornadoes in Florida.

    At the time, this represented the most important energy failure within the historical past of Florida.
    Six tornadoes in the county additionally damaged or destroyed some
    apartments, vehicles, fences, power traces, eating places, and timber.

  406. It would not have to end like that. The slide-out 4-row keyboard
    and D-pad of the Nokia N810 have been changed on the Nokia N900 with a slide-out 3-row backlit keyboard with arrow keys (as with earlier Internet Tablets, an on-screen keyboard can also be accessible).
    Typical battery time for the Nokia N810 is around 7 hours of
    steady full usage, display and Wi-Fi on. Maemo uses upstart to reduce the
    boot time. Maemo 5, also called Fremantle, is
    the default working system on the Nokia N900. The Nokia N900 has 32 GB eMMC and 256 MB NAND non-removable
    storage. The SIM card is positioned below the battery which can be
    accessed by removing the again panel of the
    Nokia N900. Though guarantee phrases and shopper rights legislation differ throughout jurisdictions, users have
    reported success in refusing these and urgent for an N900 in at least the EU and India as recently as August 2011.
    Homeowners who aren’t assured of getting an N900 as a guaranty substitute typically try
    and repair their very own units, or promote the Nokia-supplied alternative to purchase an N900 as a substitute.
    Money can not purchase it … In accordance with research conducted by NPR’s Planet Money group, consumption of
    Champagne in the U.S.

  407. Wholesome relationships promote growth and change.
    Wholesome relationships imply not making an attempt to
    alter folks. Wholesome relationships meet both events’ needs.
    2. Discuss. Healthy relationships require communication. Hear.
    Don’t interrupt or plan your subsequent phrases.

  409. 「読んでやんす」のように補助動詞としても用い（「-ていやんす」の略）、湖西の一部では「読んでやんす→読んだんす」とすることがある。 サ変は「しょーる」、カ変は「きょーる」、「居る」は「よーる」となることがあるほか、五段に接続する場合、「書きよる→書っきょる」「飛びよる→飛っびょる／飛んびょる」などと変形することがあり、湖北ではさらに「書っこる」「飛っぼる／飛んぼる」と直音化する。湖東や甲賀で用いる同輩以下への親愛語。全県に点在するが、特に湖北と湖西で用いる同輩以下への親愛語。沖縄県では、旧暦でお盆が行われる。中年層以上では、ア行・ これらは話中人物への敬意というよりも、文中に改まった雰囲気の「-れる／られる」を交えることで聞き手への敬意を込めているのである。

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  413. 日本で漫画制作作業の専業アシスタント制度（プロダクション制作システム）を最初に始めたのは手塚治虫であるといわれている。 5月1日、5月2日
    メーデー（День интернационала、День
    международной солидарности трудящихся） 休業日。 “小峠英二、ぱーてぃーちゃん・加悦町史編纂委員会『加悦町史概要版 古墳公園とちりめん街道』加悦町、2004年。歳神様、歳徳神ともいう）』という新年の神様をお迎えする行事です。同月に発生したビッグモーターとSOMPOグループとの不祥事に伴い自粛したとされる。 WEBザテレビジョン. 2024年1月29日閲覧。

  414. 中国や台湾では道教や風水の影響を強く受けた葬儀が行われている。 やはり、道士による読経、楽隊の吹奏、鼓舞が行われる。道士による読経の他、楽隊を用意して、チャルメラ（「嗩吶」）などの吹奏、鼓舞が行われる。同年以降、旧暦・ また1996年には携帯型育成ゲーム機「たまごっち」シリーズが登場して人気となり、1997年より『なかよし』にて『てんしっちのたまごっち』（かなしろにゃんこ）が連載されたほか、1997年にはゲーム「ポケットモンスター」のアニメ版が始まって大人気となり、同年より『ちゃお』にて『ポケットモンスター PiPiPi★アドベンチャー』(月梨野ゆみ)
    が連載された。毎年4月に開催されるかすみがうらマラソンは参加者数が2万人を超え、東京マラソン、大阪マラソン、NAHAマラソン、横浜マラソンに次ぐ規模の大会となっている。

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  416. “地球環境保全への貢献”. しかし、果てしなく争いが続いていった結果、和の信念を捨てて自己保身にのみ走るようになり、警戒心も強くなって護衛の忍に加えて自分の周囲を結界で常時覆っていた。平仮名の「すみっこ」は場所、カタカナの「すみっコ」はキャラクターで使い分けられている。日本では幕末の開港貿易を契機に商業高利貸資本の蓄積が行われるようになり、明治維新後、明治政府による上からの殖産興業政策に促されて成長を遂げ、政商資本・

  420. ドイツの影響下に置かれたのはNVヴェルクシュポールやシュタートリッヒェン・掲題について、以下に出演者の一例を記述する。 フルグラ くるみ＆メープルシロップ味（2015年10月12日発売、2015年度秋・戦後混乱期も闇経済の状態が続いており、主要物資は配給制、物資は統制、庶民は身の回りの物を闇市場で売るタケノコ生活を余儀なくされた。

  422. “第31回 橋田賞 受賞者・授賞式”.藤田庄市 (2019年3月25日).
    “日本における統一教会の活動とその問題点-活字メディアで報道された批判を中心に-”
    (PDF). 「MAGA Gun Church That Worships With AR-15s Has Bought a Giant Mountain Property in Tennessee」VICE、2021年10月12日。 「「大人になっても苦労している2世信者は多い」心境語る『祝福2世』と呼ばれた女性
    旧統一教会会長がほとんど言及しなかった”2世信者問題”」『毎日放送』2022年8月12日。

  423. 水島はプリソロチェックで、管制からの無線の言葉が理解できなかったのに誤魔化すという、パイロットとしては危険で致命的な行為をしたことを教官から見抜かれ不合格に。
    ポーロの冒険 NHKで放送されたテレビアニメ『アニメーション紀行
    マルコ・ 2021年3月22日までは月曜 20:00 – 20:54で放送していた。、テレビアニメでの放送時期と平成・

  424. アルミンの作戦により誘い出された疑惑の人物はアニであった。 ヒッチはそれを笑うが、アニから欲に弱いのが普通の人間であると指摘されたことで、変わるべきは腐敗を誘発する組織の仕組みではないかと考え直す。 ミケ分隊長は単騎での時間稼ぎを引き受けるが、体が無数の毛で覆われた「獣の巨人」に翻弄される。追い詰められたアニは「女型の巨人」となって脱出を図るが、巨人化したエレンにより阻まれ、硬化能力によって作り出した水晶体に自らを封じる。同期生たちから理想の指揮官として慕われ、自分の資質を見出してくれたマルコの遺体を確認したジャンは、調査兵団への志願を決意する。

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  426. ただし、後に地方事務所の統合によって支庁が新設された例もある。攻打撃的な攻撃に対しては強い耐性を持つが、関節技で同じ個所を執拗に攻められると千切れかねないという危険性もある。、従前複数の郡を管轄した郡役所の代わりとして設置された。郡役所の復活に当たる地方事務所が設置されると、これらの支庁のうちの多くが地方事務所に改組された。北海道以外の府県では、1926年の内務省告示（大正15年告示第82号）によって同年7月1日に18府県で25の支庁が設置された。

  427. 日銀の管轄は、函館支店が渡島・北海道の区域は東北地方に新潟県を加えた面積に匹敵する程広大であるため、旭川市、函館市、帯広市、釧路市の4市に、本州以南であれば都府県庁所在地にのみ設置される機関が置かれる例が見られる。檜山2振興局、釧路支店は釧路・

  428. 後の江戸行は由緒書に「八月九日江戸引越」と記してある。柏軒は江戸市中の祭礼を観ることを喜んだ。狛江市史編集専門委員会
    2017, p.楝軒詩集は五巻ある。 わたくしは楝軒（れんけん）詩集に拠つて此の如くに断ずる。若しわたくしが精（くは）しく山陽の文を読んだなら、此の如き誤をばなさなかつたであらう。此事は夙（はや）く浜野氏が親くわたくしに語つた。山林事件の嘆願書提出については、五平は最初から半蔵の協力者で、谷中総代十五名の中でも贄川（にえがわ）、藪原（やぶはら）二か村の戸長を語らい合わせ、半蔵と共に名古屋県時代の福島出張所へも訴え出た仲間である。

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  431. DOOM II This massive, difficult degree lacks great variety in textures, and is just about straight slug-it-out in play, however the authors rise above all that with good geometry and deft mixing of monsters to create a degree that holds the player’s curiosity (as long as he survives).

  432. Costs have risen 36 for the reason that minimal wage was set at $2.31 per hour in 1972, but Carter is proposing only a 9 rise to $2.50 per hour in response to the AFL-CIO request for a $3.00 minimal Carter didn’t carry a finger because the Home of Representatives voted down a bill that will give development workers the best to picket a complete building site when one of the constructing trades unions on the positioning is on strike.

  434. A 19th-century sideboard, for example, would possibly hold a pair of fashionable lamps from the ’30s; within the dwelling room of an city city home, a raffia armchair could possibly be in­cluded to deformalize taffeta drapes.

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  557. ただし、2009年までは1月から3月下旬頃までは、原則として積雪等による開催中止やコース変更を考慮して、前日・ なお、中央競馬では重賞競走の前日発売の他に、I-PAT, PAT方式,
    JRAダイレクトでは、日曜日開催分の夜間発売（土曜日20時から）にも対応している。翌6月、日本にまた戻りマンパワージャパンの代表取締役社長に就任した。 ２ 厚生労働大臣は、前項に規定する事態に対処するため必要があると認めるときは、当該感染症対策物資等の貸付けの事業を行う者に対し、貸付けをすべき期限、数量及び期間並びに貸付先を定めて、当該感染症対策物資等の貸付けをすべきことを指示することができる。